"öƽ Ȳ ذå б å - 6"
. öƽ ü Ȳ
öƽ̶ ̹ Ȱ ־ ſ پ о߿ ʼҰ ڸű Ͽ. پ ᰡ ߵǾ Ư öƽ ν ݼӰ 簡 Ǵ • о κ üϸ鼭 ϱ Ͽ. ΰ Ǹ鼭 öƽ ǰ η Ȱ پ ϰ ִ ̴(Sudesh & Iwata, 2008).
ó öƽ ϱ 츮 ϻ ѷ öƽ ʴ . öƽ پ ǰ Ӹ ƴ϶, ÷ Ÿ հ ȭ Ư ǰ ϴ. öƽ ʴ´ٴ , ϻ Һǰ, ǰ θ ̴ ̴.
̷ öƽ 뷮 ϰ ϰ ϴٴ پ о߿ Ҹǰ ȸǰ Ǿ. ȸ Ҹǰ öƽ ǰ ϰ Ǿ Ǿ. ̷ ȸ Ҹ öƽ ȯ ް ִ ̴. öƽ Ⱑ ȯ濡 ġ ϸ ȸ Ҹ öƽ 翬 Ǿ ϰ پ öƽ Ұ Ȳ̴.
Ϲ öƽ ȸ••ó , Ȱ Ǵ ȸ ó ִ ڿ 迡 ϸ Ǵ öƽ 5% Ÿ, 34% Ұǰ ְ ŵǾ ȰǴ öƽ 61% ǥǰ ִ(<ǥ 1.6> ). Ȱ 뵵 캸 ٸ ǰ 꿡 Ǵ 60%, RPF, RDF Ṱ Ͽ (25%) ־ RPF, RDF SRF ٲٸ鼭 ߿ ʰ ִ ̴. ̿ϴ Ϻ öƽ 83% Ȱϰ (32%), ̿ Ұ(9%) ü Ȱ뷮 41% ȸ óϰ ִٰ ǥ ִ(2015 , Ϻöƽȯ̿ȸ). Ϻ Ȱ 踦 öƽ ⺸ٴ ڿ ŵ쳲 츮 öƽ Ȥ ٴ 켱 Ȱ ó Ͽ ̴. ó Ѱ踦 ϰ, Ǵ öƽ 2 ظ ظ ּȭϱ ñ Ȳ Ͽٰ Ǵܵȴ.
迡 ϸ ϴ öƽ 40% ȸǰ ǰ ִ. ȸ öƽ Ű ʰ 鼭 ᱹ õ ؾ ؾ Ǵ 2, 3 ذ ϴ ˷ ִ. ̷ νϰ ȯ ̱ ٰ ϰ , ؼ ؼ, ر, ر öƽ õ ̿о ǰ ִ. ǰ , ܰ 鿡 ȹ ŵ ϰ , üռ , õڿ ̿ öƽ üμ Ȱ ̷ ̴(ReSEAT мƮ).
1. ̿ öƽ
뷮 Ǵ , Ƽ, öƽ ռ öƽ ص ʾ Ұ̳ Ÿ óϿ ȯȣ , ͵ ̿ , ҿ ҿ ɰ ȯ Ǿ. ̷ öƽ ذϱ Ͽ öƽ , , ϸ鼭 ߰, ؼ̶ ΰǾ ڿذ ִ ؼ öƽ 䰡 ӵ ϰ ִ. Ȱ ǰ Ӹ ƴ϶, ؼ öƽ ǿȭ ǹȭ зµ ż ִ( , 2011; Brown, 1992; Chung et al., 2003).
, Ż, ̱ ι öƽ ؼ ǹȭ , ȯ ȭϰ ְ, 츮 ε Ϲ öƽ ǰ ΰǴ δ λϴ å ϰ ִ ǥǰ ִ(ѹα ȯ, 2018).
츮 ̿ öƽ ǿȭ ̹ ̾, 2001 縦 30% ̻ ǹ ϱ ȯ ħ , , ġü ۾ Ϸ 츮 öƽ ϰ ߾. öƽ Ѱ ؼ ʰ ִ. μ ǰ ȭ öƽ ̿ ̽ öƽ ȭ Ȱϰ ǰ ִ.
ֱ ̿ öƽ ϱ Ư ϴ ̸, Ư ұ ַ Ư, , ȭ Ǿ ִ ̴. Ưû ϸ “ ̹ ̿ öƽ ǹȭϴ ǿȭ ؿ 츮 ̹, ̿ å ʿϴ”, ̻ صǴ ִ Ű ؼ ǰ ߵǰ ִ(Lee, 2011; You et al., 2014).
迡 ü ϰ, Ȱ ϸ鼭, ϰ, öƽ ϴ ǰ ߿ ϰ ִ. а迡 ǰ ϱ (blending) Ŀ(compounding) ߵǰ , ̸ ȭϴ ü ϰ ִ. , ̻ȭź ڿ迡 صǾ ȯ ϰ üǰ ̷ ִ. öƽ, ȭ öƽ, ź ̿ ̽ öƽ ģȯ õǾ, Ϻδ ǿȭ ܰ ִ.
. ̿ öƽ Ư
̿ öƽ̶ ̿Ž ڿ ̿Ͽ ̿ (bio-based polymer) ǹϸ, ģȯ öƽ, öƽ, ȯ öƽ Ҹ ִ(< 4.1> ).
̿ öƽ ̿Ž öƽ ü ǹѴ. ̿ Ӵ ؼ ߾ ־ ؼ ü ̿ Ӷ Ͽ, ̿ öƽ ̿Ž öƽ ü ǹϹǷ ؼ ƴ ڵ ԵǾ ִ. ̿ öƽ Ĺڿ ϴ Ḧ ̿Ͽ ȭ Ǵ ڸ Īϴµ, Ȯ 信 “ ڸ ̿Ž Ī” ǰ ִ. ̿ öƽ̶ ³ȭ 谡 ִ. ³ȭ ֿ ̻ȭźҷ νĵǸ鼭 öƽ ü ִ ο ģȯ 簡 ʿϰ Ǿ, ̻ȭź ߸(Neutralization) ϸ鼭 ̿Ž ڰ ̿öƽ ̶ ̸ ϰ Ǿ.
̷ ̿ öƽ ֿ Ϻο ؼ öƽ ԽŰ Ѵ. ؼ öƽ ؼ, ȭؼ, ȭؼ, ؼ, ر Īϴ ̴. ǰ, , ǰ, ǰ, ǰ öƽ ÿ Ұó ʰ ܼ Ÿ ֿ ̻ ۿ ؼ ̳ , ̻ȭź, ź صǴ öƽ Ѵ. ر Ⱓ 200~300 ҿǴ ؼ öƽٴ ذ , ڿ迡 صǴ Ⱓ 50~100 ҿǾ ģȯ öƽ̶ ƴ. ̿ ̽ öƽ ؼ öƽ ֶ⺸ٴ ź ־ ؼ öƽ ֿ ԽŰ ʴ 찡 . ̿Ž ̿ ź ȭ ԽŲ öƽ üǰμ ̿ öƽ ִ.
ؼ öƽ ߿ Ϲ öƽ (, , , ) ´. Ǹ ڿ迡 ̻ Ȱ Ͽ ȭչ ܵǰ ȭչ ȭϴ Ͽ δ ̻ȭź ȯ濡 ǿ ġ ʴ صǴ öƽ Ѵ.
ؼ öƽ Ȯ Ǵ Ȯϰ . ϴ Ͽ ڼ(biopolymer) Ȥ öƽ(organic plastics)̶ зϰ, ȭ öƽ 뺰Ͽ Ĺκ Ŀ, 츻, ܹ ̿Ž Ȱ öƽ ǰ ִ.
̿ öƽ , ϴ ̿Ž Է, , , Ⱓ, ڿ <ǥ 4.1> ִ.
. ؼ öƽ(Biodegradable plastics)
ؼ öƽ ̿Žκ ó, ȭ , ̸ ȿ ܷü(monomer) ܷü ϰų ȭ ̿Ͽ ϴ öƽμ, ؼ öƽ ڼ ٷ絵 Ѵ.
. ȭؼ öƽ(Oxo-biodegradable plastics)
ȭؼ öƽ öƽ ̿Ž, ȭ, ȭ, , ڵȭ ÷Ͽ öƽ ĪѴ. ȭ öƽ , , ̻, ȿ, ȭ ۿ뿡 ذ ȴ. ȭؼ öƽ ر, /ؼ, ȭкؼ ϴ , ر, /ؼ ر رⰣ 1~5 ϱ ϸ, Ⱓ Ű ؼ öƽ̴. , , Ⱓ ΰǾ ǰȭ Ȱϴ. ǥ ̺ رⰣ ҸȮ , ֱ ƶ̷Ʈ(UAE) ȭ ݱ UAE Standard 5009 Ͽ, 2014 1 1Ϻ öƽ 翡 Ͽ ȭؼ ǰ UAE ϸ鼭 ٽ ȭؼ öƽ 䰡 ϰ ð ִ. ֱ 忡 2015 1 1Ϻ ± Ͽ, 6 Ⱓ ְ 2015 7 1Ϻ ģȯ öƽ ̿ܿ ϴ ݾҿ ΰ ȹ ǥ Ǹ鼭 ǰ þ ǰ ִ.
. ̿ ̽ öƽ(Bio-based plastics)
̿ ̽ öƽ ̿Ž ؼ öƽ ϰų ϴ Ǵ öƽ ĪѴ. ̿ ̽ öƽ ؼ ʰ ź߸ ̿Ž Ϻ Ͽ ̻ȭź ³ȭ Ѵ. ̿ ̽ öƽ Ʈ ڵ о߱ Ȯǰ ְ, ķڿ 뿡 ذϱ ο, ¤, հ, , ι, , , λ깰 dz Ŀ λ깰 ڿ ̿ öƽ ϰ Ƿ, ǰ, ڵ, , , Ÿ ǰ, , پ о߱ ǰ ִ(You, 2014).
2. ؼ öƽ
ؼ öƽ(degradable plastics)̶ ̱ ǥȭⱸ 信 , ض ‘, , Ư ȯϿ ð Կ ȭ ȭ ᰡ ǵǴ ’ Ѵ. ؼ öƽ̶ ‘Ư ȯ ǿ Ⱓ ȿ ȭ ȭǾ ȭ ǥ ִ öƽ’ ϸ ũ ؼ, ر, ؼ öƽ ִ.
(1) ؼ öƽ̶ ȭ(߫) Ǵ · صǴ öƽ Ѵ. ؼ öƽ ܵ ӿ ŸǾ ذ ʴ ִ.
(2) ر öƽ̶ ؼ Ϲ (PE, PP, PS ) ؼ ÷Ͽ κ ؼ öƽ ؼ öƽ ȥ ϱ ‘ر öƽ’ ̶ Ͽ ϰ ִ(<ǥ 4.2> ).
(3) ؼ öƽ̶ Ϲ öƽ ü , ̳ (), ̿ ڿ迡 ϴ ̻ ̻ȭź Ǵ ź صǴ öƽ Ѵ.
ؼ öƽ ؼ öƽ ó ذ ϳ 1980 Ĺݺ ϱ ߴ. ؼ öƽ ⺻ ٺ ȯ ý ִ. , ؼ öƽ ǿȭǸ ڿ迡 Ѵ ϴ ̿Ž ̿Ͽ ̷ Ŀ ̻ȭźҷ صǾ ٽ ̿Ž ̿ν öƽ ȯ湮 ڿ κ ذ Ǵϰ ִ.
ؼ öƽ а ؼ öƽ ȥϿ ϴ Ϲ ؼ öƽ(ر öƽ) 1 ǰ̶, ؼ öƽ 2 ǰ شѴٰ ִ. ̴ ؼ öƽ ᰡ ַ õ Ĺڿ ϹǷ öƽ Ȯ е Ӹ ƴ϶, ڿ ̻ ̻ȭźҷ صǴ û ϰ ֱ ̴. ֱ ؼ öƽ ַ ̷ ִ Ȳ̴(<ǥ 4.3> ).
ε dz ص ϵ ʴ ؼ öƽ ߰ ȭ ǰ ִ. 츮 1997 ؼ ۵Ǿ, 2003 ռ ص Ͽ(KS M ISO 14855-1). ǥ ISO 14855-1 KSǥؿ ؼ öƽ Ǹ [ʱ 45 ص ǥع 60% ̻(ġ 42%̻ )̰ų, 180 Ⱓ ص ǥع 90% ̻(ġ 63%̻ )] ϰ ִ(KS M ISO 14855-1, 2014).
ؼ صǴ зϸ, Ұ ذ Ͼ ر öƽ ǰ ػӸ ƴ϶ ּ ܿ ڷ Ұ Ͼ ؼ ִ. ؼ зϸ ռ öƽ 꿡 ̿ϴ ȭռ, ̻ ȿ꿡 ̻, Ĺ ռ ۿ뿡 Ĺ , ̵ ̷ ִ.
. ؼ öƽ
ؼ öƽ õȭչ ϴ õڰ ؼ , ̻ ϴ (lactic acid) ռ ̻ , ȭ (< 4.2> ).
1) õڰ ؼ
õڸ ؼ ڴ ο, ̼ο, pectin, lignin źȭ Ĺ ϴ PLA, TPS(thermo plastic starch) , chitin ʷ ͵ ִ. ̵ ص, , dz ڿ, , Ư θ Ǵ ֿ ΰǾ ִ. ٷ öƽ ֵ ^ȭ پȭǾ ؼ ʸ 뵵 ٸ ؼ ڿ ȥϿ ϰų и ؼ ⳪ ü ־ ؼ öƽ ֿ Ȱ ġ ȴ. õڸ ̿Ͽ ؼ öƽ ؼ پ ǰ ִ.
2) ̻
̻ ڴ ̻ (̿) ȰϿ öƽ ν, PHB, PHV polyalkanoates ڿ pullulan polysaccharides ڷ ִ.
) PHB
PHB PHA õ μ D-3-hydroxy-butyric acid ü̸, ſ پ յ ռϴ 幰μ 츻̳ glycogen .
) Polysaccharide
̻ Ǵ extracellular polysaccharides ̿ ϸ, ǥ δ xanthan gum, alginate, pullulan, curdlan, dextran levan ִ.
˷л(HA) D-glucuronic acid N-acetyl glucosamine ȣ յ polysaccharide ̴. HA ڷ 鸸 ̸, ڷ ȭǰ, ڷ Ǿǰ δ. Ư Ϻ ȭ, , ȭǰ ǰ 10 ȸ ̹ 1980 ʿ о߸ Ͽ 1985 ĺ HA ϰ ִ ̴.
3) ȭ
ȭ ڶ ȿ ƹ̳, , Ḧ ռ ڹ Ѵ. ȭ ڴ ̻ڰ ִ Ͽ ϰ, öƽ ϰ ϴ. ̷ ǰ о߰ پϿ ̻ ؼ ڷ ǰ ִ. ̷ ڷδ PCL, PGA, PLA, polyorthoester, phosphagene, polypeptide ߵǾ ̵ κ ̱ Ƿ ΰġ ǰ Ͽ ̿ǰ ִ(<ǥ 4.4> ).
ȿϿ ϰ ̸ Ͽ ϴ PLA 뷮 ϹǷ δ öƽ ü ȴ. ̿Ž ܷü öƽ öƽ Ͽ öƽ Ȱ Ƿ ȭб ̿ Ȱ ǰ ִ.
. ر öƽ
ر öƽ а ڿ صǴ PE, PP, PS öƽ . Ҿ ذ ÷ ־ ظ ִ ˷. ̿ ر öƽ ̱ Ȱ ǰ , Ȱ뵵 ٸ ؼ öƽ Ͽ ż ǰ , 츮 п ΰ ü踦 ̷ ߿ ִ.
ر öƽ ؼ ƴ ̱, ij п̳ ΰ ȸ ʿ ġü åν ߰ ȭ ȭ ָӴϳ ι ̿ ȸ ǰ ǿȭ ȮŰ ִ. Ȯ ؽñ 2 ӵǰ ־ о߿ ص ̳ ǰ ϵǾ ̸, ƿ 갡 ־߸ 뵵 ǿȭ մ ̴.
3. ǿȭ ܰ ؼ öƽ
. ̿ ؼ öƽ
ǿȭ ǰ ִ ̿ öƽ öƽ PCL, PLA, PBTA(polybutylene terephthalate), TPA (terephthalic acid), PVA (polyvinyl alcohol), PES (poly ethylene succinate), PHA, PHB, PBS а ȥ öƽ̴. PLA, PHA, PBS Ȱϴ.
1) PLA
- Ʈ(PLA) , , Ÿǿī Ѹ ڿ Ҽ
- PLA 2020 52 ̸ Ǹ, Һ 鿡 ū ̿ öƽ ϳ
2) PHA
- ̵Ͻ ī뿡Ʈ(PHA) Ϲ O, N Ұ پ ̻ ź/ μ Ǵ 3-, 4-, 5- 6- ̵Ͻ īǻ ϴ ̻
- źҿ ϴ , ؼ ϼ ϴ ̻ ̻ȭ źҿ صDZ ʰ ؼ
- ؼ ܿ ڵ ü ռ ʷ Ҽ ־ ȭ öƽ ̻ ü
3) PBS
- ƿ óƮ(PBS) Ż ź տ ռ ؼ Ҽ ü
- ȭ Ǵ ڿ Լ ִ PBS ȭ ܷüκ ռ
. ȭ ؼ öƽ
1) PCL
- PCL ؼ ȭ ü
- ƿ 60 ƿ ̿
- PCL ؿ Ҿ ϸ PCL 纸 翡 ص. pH, ȣ⼺ ȯ ȭ
4. ؼ öƽ
. ؼ öƽ
ֱ ؼ öƽ ϸ ؼ ڰ Ĺ ̿Ž پ ̿ŽӸ ƴ϶ ̻̳ ̿ (biotechnology) ̿Ͽ ؼ ڸ ִ ǰ ִ (< 4.2> ).
Ĺ ̿Ž ܿ ܹ (lipid) ī̵(polysaccharides) ǰ , ȭ ܷü(bio-derived monomer) ռϿ bio-based ִ(Bugnicourt, 2014).
̱, Ϻ ̿ ؼ öƽ ַ ȭ ϰ ִ. ι, , ǰ, ǰ, Ī ʸ, , ʸ, ɼ ʸ پ 뵵 ̿ öƽ ǰ ǸŰ ̷ ִ. ؼ öƽ 귮 ӵ ſ , ̿ öƽ ִ پ ̿Ž ϱ ϰ ִ.
̱ MRI, ùٽƼɹĮ Ȧ Inc., Ϻ KONICA Corp., Ϻ ̼ ȭа, ij EPI, Wells, ̱ EPI-Global, Symphony, ADD-X Biotech, ̰ Winrigo ȭؼ ߰ Ϸ ߰ ߿ ϰ , ǸŰ Ȱϴ. ÷ɰ Ҽ öƽ ڿ ȯ濡 (, ̻ȭź ̿Ž ) G. Scott, Albertsson, Kostyniak Ǿ ְ, Ȱ ̷ ִ(Scott, 1990; Albertsson et al., 1992; http:// www.biopack.or.kr, 2014).
̿ öƽ Ҿ öƽ Ű¡ о κ ȭ PET ⸦ ߽ ǰ ִ. Ư о߿ ִ Ϻ ȭ ȭ ϰ ִ. 2017 6 ̱ δ Ecovative Design ʶƮ ϴ ڿ ջü 100% ȭ Ǵ Ḧ ϰ ִ. ̱ ̿ öƽ ū Ȱ뵵 ̸, , Ƿ Ǵ ̴.
. ؼ öƽ
츮 ̿ öƽ Ͽ Ǿ õ Ȯ밡 ʿϴ. 츮 ؼ ǰ ݱ ǥع 90%, ̱ Ϻ 60% ġ Ͽ õ Ȯ κ ߴϰ ִ ̴. ̿ ȭϿ, ؼ 30% ÷ ر öƽ ϰ ̸ Ͽ , ϰ, 꼺 Ͽ ȭ ʰ ִ.
̿ öƽ ǿȭ â SKC, , SKɹĮ, ԵɹĮ( ȣȭ), ȭ, ̷ȭ, Ͽ , Ը ؿܿ Ͽ ǰ ȯ渶ũ , ̿Ž ǰ õ , ߴ Ȳ ݿϿ ٽ о߿ Ǿ ִ ̴(http://www.en.europeanbi oplastics.org, 2014).
ٸ ܱ ִ ȰϿ, ż ߺ ǰȭ ַ ȯǾ ִ ο 鿡 ִ. ̿ öƽ ȭ ǰ, öƽ ü ǰ, ȭ ü ǰ Ӽ õǰ ִ.
̷ ֱ ߽ ȭ, Ȱ, ź ȭ ִ ̴. ̿öƽ ſ ε, ַ ؼ ڸ ߽ Ǿ , Ư а ο õڿ ߽ ̷ ִ. ֱٿ ȭ Բ 忡 PLA ߽ ̿ öƽ ǰ ̸ Ʒ <ǥ 4.5> Ÿ.
а質 ٴ ڸ ȥϿ ؼ Ȥ ر ָ ̷ ִ.
5. öƽ üμ ̿ öƽ
öƽ üϱ پ ӵ ȴ. ̹ پ Ǵ öƽ ڱ Ű ̸ ü ִ ʹ ٴ Ѵ. ȯ κ Ͽ 츮 ̶ Ǵܵȴ. , Ǵ öƽ ݵ Ǿ κп öƽ ϰ, ѹ ȸ̳ Ҹǰ öƽ ̰ų ٸ üϴ Ȱ å ħ ʿϴٰ ǴѴ. ȯ ƴ϶ ۷ι ̹Ƿ ε ̷ å ǥ ϰ ذῡ Ͽ ̴.
ȸ Ҹ öƽ üμ ̿öƽ Ǵ ؼ ر öƽ ݵ Ǿ о̰ öƽ Ͽ Ǿ ̴. ݸ, ̿öƽ ʱ̴ܰ. ؼ öƽ ȯ ϱ ô 䱸 ǰ 䱸ϴ û پ Ȱ뼺 ̿öƽ , ȭǰ ִ. ̿öƽ öƽ 鿡 Ͽ иϰ Ȱ뼺 鿡 ִ ̴. ΰġȭ ִ, ̿ öƽ ǰ ְ ̵ Ϻ ȭ ǰ鵵 ִ. ̷ ֵ ·ϴ ǰ , ̿ ȭб ߵǰ ִ. ̷ , Ȱ뼺 ̿ öƽ 忡 ȴ.
• (2011), “ر öƽ ؼ , Food Engineering Progress, Vol.15 No.3, pp. 257∼261. ѱб(2002), “ؼöƽ”
•KS M ISO 14855-1(2014), “ȭ ǿ öƽ ȣ⼺ ص ر 1Σ ̻ȭź ”
•Albertsson, A-C., Barenstedt. C. & Karlsson, S.(1992). “Susceptibility of Enhanced Environmentally Degradable Polyethylene to Thermal and Photo-oxidation”, Polymer Degradation and Stability, Vol.37, 163~171.
•Brown, D. T.(1993). “Plastic Waste Management,” Mustafa, N. (ed.) pp. 1∼35. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York.
•Bugnicourt, E., Cinelli, P., Lazzeri, A. & Alvarez, V.(2014). “Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA): Review of synthesis, characteristics, processing and petential applications in packaging”, eXPRESS Polymer Letters, Vol.8 No.11, pp. 791~808.
•Chung, M.S., Lee W.H., You Y.S., Kim H.Y. & Park K.M.(2003). “Manufacturing Multi-Degradable Food Packaging Films and Their Degradability,”Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology, Vol.35 No.5, pp. 877~883.
•Jegal, J.(2012), “State and Prospects of Bioplastics”, Korea Industrial Chemistry News, Vol.15 No.4, pp. 21~25.
•Lee, J. W.(2011), “Bio-plastics,” KISTI Market Report, Vol.1 No.1, pp. 24~27.
•Scott, G.(1990), “Photo-biodegradable Plastics: Their Role in the Protection of the Environment,” Polymer Degradation and Stability, Vol.29 No.1, pp. 135~154.
•Sudesh, K. & Iwata, T.(2008). “Sustainability of biobased and biodegradable plastics”, Clean-Soil, Air, Water, Vol.36, pp. 433~442.
•You, Y.S., Kim, M.K., Park, M.J. & Choi, S.W.(2014).“Development of Oxo-biodegradable Bio-plastics Film Using Agricultural By-product Such as Corn Husk, Soybean
•Husk, Rice Husk and Wheat Husk,” Clean Technology, Vol.20 No.3, pp. 205~211.
•You, Y.S.(2014). “2014 The Present and Future of Eco-friendly Bio-plastics Industry,” The Monthly Packaging World, Vol.02, pp. 102~105.
•European Bioplastics, http://www.en.europeanbioplastics.org, Accessed Dec. 15, (2014). “Ȱ մå”, 2018. 5. 10, ѹα ȯ.
Korean Bio Material Packaging Association, http://www.biopack.or.kr, Accessed Dec. 10, (2014).
. : öƽ б å
տ 캻 ٿ öƽ ȯ ſ ɰϴ. Ư ̼öƽ ȯ ؼ ΰ ǰ ɰ ϰ ִ. ̼öƽ °迡 ̹ ϰ ȮǾ 츮 Դ ػ깰, ټ ǰ ־ ɰ ְ ִ. ұϰ , Ĺ, õ Ǿ ִ 簡 Ǿ ̴. Ӹ ƴ϶ ̷ ̼öƽ ΰ ü ؼ Ÿ ؼ ̷ Ȳ̴. ̷ Ȳ öƽ , Ϻδ ڿ ° Եǰ Ƿ ̼öƽ ε ̴.
ܱδ öƽ, Ư ȸ öƽ 뷮 Ű, öƽ ȿ Ͽ Ȱϴ ñ ؾ ̴. ̿ ؼ α̳ п ̹ Ͽ ε鿡 а å ǰ ִ. ٿ̰, å б å ϰ Ѵ.
1. ̼öƽ
. ̼öƽ ̹ ؾ ԵǾ ؾ ǥ ų ٴ öƽ ð ϸ鼭 ̼öƽ ذ ̶ ɰ ִ. ߰ öƽ ؾ ٰ ϴ ̼öƽ ð Ҽ ɰ ̴. ذϱ ؼ ؾ ̹ Ե öƽ ȿ ΰ ʿϴ. δ Ұ ̼ öƽ ȯ濵 ִ ʿϴ.
. ֱ ״ 24 û ü ‘Ŭ(The Ocean Cleanup)’ ϰ, ؾ ġ 2018 8 ĶϾƿ Ͽ. ó Ŵ ؾ öƽ ذϱ پ , ̼öƽ ̷ õ Ź . , ̼öƽ ȯ濡 ϱ ȹ̸鼭 پ ٹ ʿϸ, ̸ å ʿϴٰ Ǵܵȴ.
. ؾ ԵǴ öƽ ؼ ؾ ԵǴ θ Ͽ å ʿϴ. ü谡 Ǿ ߱ 쿡 öƽ ⸦ óü ʿϴ. Ȱ ؾ ԵǴ öƽ 쿡 ε ؾ ʵ پ ʿϴ. μƼ å ó åӰȭ, 뷮 Ű ڿ åӰȭ å ʿϴ. ε鿡 ȭϿ ؾⰡ ؾ Һ ػ깰 Һ ްų ų ʿ䵵 ִ. ؼ غ ̿ϴ öƽ غ ϴ ߴܼӵ ʿϴ.
غ Ĺ Ͽ ϴ ̿ϴ , 1ȸ öƽ ⸦ ϴ ʿϴ. Ƿ Ź ̼ ϼ Ե Ǵ Ͽ ϼ ȭó ̼ ִ ٵ ʿϴ.
. ܱ ǽϰ ִ Ȱ ǰ ȯ Ȱ ʿ䰡 ִ. öƽ ǰ ¡ öƽ , öƽ ȯ̴. ü å å Ȱ ȮϿ öƽ ǰ Ȱ Ȥ óå ȭϰ, ü Ĺ Ǹϴ 1ȸǰ ʿ䰡 ִ.
. ٺ öƽ 뷮 ϰų ڿȯ ǿ ذ öƽ ü ִ ȿ ʿϴ.
. ̼öƽ ȿ ó ؼ Ӹ ƴ϶. , Ǿ Ѵ. ̼öƽ FT-IR ܼ б, ũθ, б پ м⸦ ̿ , 忡 ϰ ż ̼öƽ 䱸ȴ.
2. ̼öƽ ü ؼ ذ
. ̼öƽ 뿡
Ȱ ؾ ̼öƽ Ǿִ. / ̼öƽ ǥ Ȳ 簡 ʿϴ.
. ̼öƽ ü ؼ
1) ̼öƽ ؼ ̵
öƽ ÷ Ǿ , ̼öƽ 뿡 ü ؼ ص õǾ ʴ. ̼öƽ ص , ̼öƽ ÿ Ǵ ۿ ִ پ ̼öƽ ؼ ̵ ʿϴ.
2) ũ ؼ Ը ʿ
ݱ ̼öƽ(ũ: 0.1~5000) ؼ Ͽ, ϴ¹ٿ öƽ(ũ: < 0.1) ̻罽 ü ü ̶ ڸϴ. Ŀ ̼ öƽ öƽ ũ⺰ иϿ ̵ ʿϴ.
3) ̼öƽ ü
̼öƽ ü 忡 ȴ. ̶ ũ Ǵ ٸ ַ Ư ȸ ̾(Peyer's patch) ǰ δ () ȴ(Bouwmeester et al., 2015). Ȯϰ ̼öƽ ü ο ⺰ ϴ.
4) ̼öƽ
̼öƽ ü (in vivo)̳ in vitro Ȯ . ġ Ȱ Ϻ , ̼öƽ ü ſ (< 1%), ̰͵ ̵ (spleen) ŵǴ ߷еȴ(Bouwmeester et al., 2015). κп ü ʿϴ.
5) ɼ ÷
ռ ٿ öƽ ǰ Ե ÷, Ư ŻƮ A к ֹ ԸǾ. ٸ ÷ ߰ ʿϴ.
6) ̼öƽ ܷ (POPs) ̼öƽ ܷ ֺ ڵ, Ư(Ҽ Ȥ ģ), ũ, ũ, pH, ֺ ü ̿° Ǵ ٸ. ̼öƽκ Ǵ ̳ ӵ (Besseling et al., 2013), ̿ ʿϴ.
7) ü ܷϴ ̼öƽ ص
̻罽 ̼öƽ , ̹ ü پ θ ̼öƽ ܷϰ ̴. Ƿ ü ܷϴ ̼öƽ ϰ ̼öƽ ص ִ ġ ʿϴ. ÿ ̼öƽ ÷ ü ȴ.
8) ɰ ȯ湮 ̼ ӿ ̼öƽ Ǿ ִ, ̵鿡 ü ؼ Ը ʿϴ.
3. ̼ öƽ
. öƽ ̻ ߱ ߿
öƽ ظ , 漱, Ͽ ַ ǰ , öƽ ϴ ӵ , ط ̹Ͽ ش ̻ ʿϴ. öƽ ش ִ ű ̻ ֵ , , GPGP ŽϿ ߱ ִ ʿϴ.
. öƽ ִ ̻ ȿ
ǰ ִ öƽ ü (polymer)ٴ (oligomer) μ, öƽ ؿ Ȱ ̻ ֳ ȿ ʿϴ.
. Ŵ ڷ polymer öƽ صDZ ؼ ̻ ȿҿ Ǵ ϹǷ, ̷ Һڷ ؽų ִ öƽ ̻̳ ȿҸ ȿ ̿ ִ 䱸ȴ.
. ؼ öƽ ̸ ϴ ̻̳ ȿ ֱ ǰ ʴµ, , , غ ؼ öƽ ߰ Ͽ ؼ öƽ ̻ ֳ ȿ ϴ. ̷ ֳ ȿ ȭ ȯ 뷮 Ǹ ̼öƽ ذῡ ȴ.
4. öƽ ü
ȸ Ҹ öƽ üμ ̿öƽ Ǵ ؼ ر öƽ ߵǾ ϰ, öƽ Ͽ Ǿ ̴. ̿ öƽ öƽ 鿡 Ͽ ϱ Ȱ뼺 鿡 ִ. ݺ , Ȱ뼺 ̿ öƽ ߵ ִ б å ħ Ǿ Ѵ.
. ؼ öƽ
öƽ ̻̳ ȿҰ ϱ ؼ öƽ ӿ ӷ ϰ ص ִ ؼ öƽ ʿϴ.
. ̿ ȭб ִ ؼ öƽ
ؼ öƽ (), /Ȱ뼺(, ) ȭб öƽ ֵ ̿ ʿϴ. öƽ ȭ Ͽ, öƽ Ư ϸ鼭 ȯ ؼҵ ο ߿ б Ǿ Ѵ.
. “ ȯ öƽ ü” ý
ñ ؼ öƽ 縦 ϰ, ̸ ذ Ǿ ȯ ؼҽų ִ ȯ öƽ ü縦 ϰ, ̸ ̿Ͽ ý ̷ ٶ ̴. ̷ ý Ȯ öƽ ü ִ ο о ô ϹǷ ̿ ü谡 ȴ. <>
<۱ڨ 'öƽ̾' - .>
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