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(primary color) ⺻ , ȥϿ ִ , ٸ ȥϿ , , մϴ. () , (, Ȥ ) Ǹ, ̷ ֽϴ. 3 (R), ʷ(G), Ķ(B), , RGB̸, Ƿ ȥտ شմϴ. 3 Ͼ . ̴ 츮 ִ ͵ ֽϴ. ̷ο RGB DZ 3 RGB ˷ٴ Դϴ. 19 ӽ ︧Ȧ ؼε, Ƿ Դϴ. ÷ ϴ.
ݸ鿡 3 ûϻ(Cyan, C, Ķ), ȫ (Magenta, M, ֻ), (Yellow, Y)Դϴ. ̵ ο ȥ̸, 3 (Key black, K) ˴ϴ. ̸ CMYK ǥϱ ϸ, 4 μ ̴ ũ ü踦 մϴ. K ̳ ũ ̻ ϱ Դϴ. , ũ ݻ Ͽ ݻϿ Ϻ ϰ, Ǵ Ͽ Ϻ ݻϱ . ̴ ̿ ũ ĥ ǥ鿡 ε˴ϴ. , 3 ϸ, ̸ Key black(K), 츮 δ ‘’̶ մϴ. ũ μ ϴ.
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õ Ͽ. , (luminous flux), (luminous intensity), (illuminance) ģ Բ, ÷̿ ַ Ǵ ֵ(luminance) Դϴ.
, Ȥ κ ѷ, Դϴ. ٴ ǹ̷ ‘ٹ’̶ ǹ̵ ǰڳ. ַ ⸦ ǥ մϴ. ñ , (lumem, lm) . 1 1ĭ Ͽ 1 ü Ǵ ñ ǵ˴ϴ. Ǵ 1 1轺 ԻǴ ӿ شѴٰ ǥ ֽϴ. ӿ ð ϸ (quantity of light), ̰, ̷κ Ǵ ð .
ϴ 翡 شϸ, ĭ(candela, cd)Դϴ. Ȯ ǥڸ, Ư ü, , 1ȿ Ǵ Դϴ. , к ϴ. ̷ ü ǥѴٸ 1ȿ شϴ ⸦ ĭ ǥ ֽϴ. ĭ к ܾ ‘Candle’ . ϰԴ ‘1ĭ 540THz ܻ Ư 1/683 Ʈ ’ ǵ˴ϴ. ߽ , Ư Դϴ.
ǻü ԻǴ , , ϴ ϸ, ‘()/()’ شϴ 轺(lux, lx) մϴ. 1ĭ к ϰ 12.6(~4x3.14)̸, кҷκ 1m ġ , , 1轺 ǵ˴ϴ. ٴ ǥ ⸦ ΰ ϴ . ̿ ߾ ⸦ ϸ, Ÿ 谡 ֽϴ.
ֵ ǹ̴ ‘Ư е, Ͽ ü ’ ǵ, ÷̿ , Ȥ ȭ鿡 ü ⸦ մϴ. ‘(ĭ)/(), (cd/m2)’ Ʈ(nit) . , ŭ ϴ° ǥѴٸ, ֵ ŭ ̴° մϴ. , ֵ ÷ó ü ߱ϰ ִ Ӹ ƴ϶, κ ݻǾ 2 (ε ݻϿ 2 ۿϴ ó) ؼ ⸦ Ÿ ô Դϴ.
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ǥ پ ǥ ǥ ǥ, ȸ(International Commission on Illumination, CIE) 1931 ǥ Ͽϴ. ̴ ΰ ä б ʷ Ͽ x, y, z ǥ , ⸦ ä ǥϰ ֽϴ. ̸ CIE1931 Īϸ, ̷鼭 CIE1976 Lu‘v’ ǥ , ˴ϴ. , پ ȸ ݵ ̷ CIE ǥ ġմϴ. CIE ǥ ʴ ߾ӿ ġϸ, ̾ ڸ ġմϴ. , ICE Imperial Chemical Industries, Ltd. Ī.
ΰ Ͽ ª (S), ߰ (M), (L) Ͽ Ƶ̴ SML մϴ. ΰ ǥ , ȥ 3 Ͽ ϴ ִ 3 ڱذ(Tristimulus value), X, Y, Z ֽϴ. ǥ ̷ ڱذ Ű Դϴ. , 3 ڱذ CIE 1931 ǥ x, y, z ǥ˴ϴ. CIE 1931 ǥ (x, y, z) ǥǸ, x, y, z , ʷ, Ķ شմϴ. , x+y+z=1, , 100% .
R (0.68, 0.32) µ, ̴ 68%, ʷ 32% ǹմϴ. , B (0.14, 0.08), x = 0.14, y = 0.08, z 1 - (0.14 + 0.08) = 0.78 . R (1, 0) ƴϰ B (0, 0) ƴ ΰ ִ RGB ڱġ Ͽ ִµ, R, G, B ַ ν, ٸ κе Բ νϱ Դϴ. R R ַ νϸ鼭 G B ν ϰ . , ǥ RGB νϴ ǹϹǷ, x, y, z Ͽ 0̳ 1 ˴ϴ. ̻ Ͽ ü ̷а , 꿡 ؼ Ŀ ϱ մϴ.
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÷̰ ִ ϴ (color gamut)̶ ϸ, ̴ ǥ ǥõǾ ִ Ÿ ֽϴ. ̳ ȸ纰 . ݵ ַ о, (TV), ( ), ȭ µ ǥȭ Ǿ . оߺ ǥȭ ݿ Ͽ ǥǰ, ̸ ִ ÷̵ ǵ ְ ʵ ݿ ֽϴ. оߺ ǥ ߽ 캸ڽϴ.
(TV) оԴϴ. ̸ ǥ ٷ NTSC(National Television System Committee) Դϴ. NTSC ۿ Ŀ ̱ ǥȭ ⱸν, 1953 3 ǥȭ ⱸ ϳ (International Telecommunication Union, ITU) Բ ÷ TV ǥ Ͽϴ. NTSC ȭ ÷ ʸ Ͽ. ÷ TV ۵Ƿ ñ⿴, ÷ (CRT) ص ϸ ʺ ̾ , ÿ ־ ÷ ̾ ȭ ÷ ʸ̾ϴ. ÷ ȭ ÷ TV ξ ռ 1915 ߵǾ. NTSC ȭ ÷ ʸ Ͽ 3 Ͽ, NTSC ÷ TV 1954 ̱ ʷ ۵Ǿϴ. 1975 ۿ(European Broadcasting Union, EBU) SDTV(Standard-Definition TV) ý Ʃ Ϳ (EBU Tech.3213) Ͽϴ.
SDTV ȭ HDTV(High-Definition TV) ̵ϴ ߰ ܰμ, Ƴα Ŀ ȯ̶ 16:9 ̵ ũ 鿡 ǹ̰ Ůϴ. ̿ Ͽ PAL(Phase Alternation Line) , SECAM(séquentiel couleur à mémoire) . ⺻ İ PAL SECAM Բ ϴ 찡 ϴ. PAL ߱, äǾ, SECAM ҷ(þ) , ַ äϿϴ. NTSC ѱ, ̱, Ϻ, ߳ ǰ ֽϴ. 1982 ITU SDTV(Standard-Definition Television) (ITU-R BT.601)Ǿϴ. SDTV NTSC PAL/SECAM ٸ , ũ ̰ ʽϴ. 1990 ַ Ǵ , HDTV ITU ؼ (ITU-R BT.709)˴ϴ. ػ 16:9 ̵ ũ ȭ ϱ ǥ , ÷μ TV (CRT) TV Ư ٸ 鿡 Ϻ پٴ Ư. , 2012 ITU UHDTV(Ultra High-Definition TV)(ITU-R BT.2020) ػ Ӹ ƴ϶ ũ Ȯ밡 Ǿϴ. ̴ ̾ ٷ о߿ ȭ ȭ κ , մϴ.
о߿ δ ÷̿ ַ ֽϴ. ϳ sRGB (standard RGB)ν, 1996 ̱ ũμƮ HP Ͽ , , ͳݿ ǥ RGB Դϴ. sRGB ͵ κ ȴٴ Ͽ , ij, ī հ ǵ Դϴ. ħ, HDTV ITU-R BT.709 sRGB Ͽ ǥ Ͽ HDTV sRGB ġմϴ. sRGB о߿ ϰ Ǵ , ICT(Information & Communication Technology) ȣȯ ϴ. ̹ μϰų ȭ ÷ ǥ Ѱ踦 δٴ ֽϴ. ٸ ϳ Adobe RGB 1998 α 伥 ۻ Adobe Դϴ. sRGB μ ַ ϴ 4 ũ CMYK ÷ Ϳ ǥ ̶ Ӱ ȵǾ. Ư ϴû(cyan) ǥ , ȮǾϴ. Adobe RGB Ķ ǥ(ﰢ ) sRGB ϰ ϵ, ǥ CIE 1931 ǥ ͺ ̵ϴ. ̷ν 迭 ǥ dz.
ȭ о , ̰ ǰ ִ ü ʸԴϴ. ȭ ʸ Ư Ͽ ǵǾϴ. ʸ 1935 Ž öϴ. ÿ δ ī ũ . ̸ Ȱ ʸ ʹ 3 RGB ܿ ûϻ(cyan) ȫ(magenta) Բ ϴ 5 Ͽ, ȭ 5 ϴ. ȭ TV ȯڴ ǰ ־ϴ. 1990븦 ̱ Ʃ ȭ ü ȭ մϴ. ̸ 2002 渮 ȭ Ǿ ó ǥ ⱸ, DCI(Digital Cinema Initiatives) ϰ, 2005 DCI ǥ ϰ ˴ϴ. DCI ʸ ٸ ϴ RGB 3 , Ͽ DCI-P3 θϴ. 3 ȭ Ǵ ũ Ư Ͽ . ߿ ڿ(¾籤) ϴ. , ̷ ȭ ýۿ ϱ ACES(Academy Color Encoding System) ֽϴ. ACES ̱ ȭ ī(Academy of Motion Picture Arts & Sciences, AMPAS) Ͽ, ۾(color correction, color grading) ÷ ۾ 2004 ߵǾ Խϴ. ̴ پ ī ϰ Ȯϰ dz ǥ ÷ ̹ ȯ(encoding) ν, ī ĸĵ ״ ϴ Դϴ. ñ ü ϴ Դϴ.
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÷̿ (ǥ) ȭ鿡 ǥ ִ CIE ǥ ġȭ Դϴ. Ϲ CIE ǥ迡 ǥõǴ (NTSC, sRGB, Adobe RGB, DCI-P3 ) Ͽ, ǥ ǥմϴ. Ϸʷ TV Ϲ NTSC ϴµ, NTSC 120% , NTSC ̻ , 1.2 ǹմϴ. ܿ, sRGB 130%, Adobe RGB 98% ǥմϴ.
ؼ ϰ ϴ ÷̿ ǥǴ RGB 3 Ǵ RGB 3 Ͽ ȯմϴ. 3 ϴ 4 ϰ, ⼭ RGB 3 . sRGB 0.1121̰ NTSC 0.1582̹Ƿ sRGB NTSC 0.1121 / 0.1582 ~ 0.71, , 71% ϴ.
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