ȹ(֧)
Ӱ öƽ : ῡ PHA
“ 4ȸ Ӱ öƽμ PHA ؼ 縦 ؿԴ. ̹ȣ PHA ϴµ ־ ᰡ ϴ ̱ پ õ鿡 ˾ƺ.”
. ڿ ()׳ /
ó ȸ ġ Ȳ öƽ̳ - Ͼ ִ. ȯ濡 ؼ ΰ ̶ ǵġ ʰ ̳ Ű ȴ. ڷ ̷ Ź ߰ μ ϰ, ̼öƽ ֱ ̴. 츮 ȯ µ ־ ִ. 츮 ε(mindset) å ȭ ֱ 츮 ° ı ̴. ؼ ̷ Ȳ ȭ .
4ȸ Ӱ öƽμ PHA ؼ 縦 ؿԴ. ̹ȣ PHA ϴµ ־ ᰡ ϴ ̱ پ õ鿡 ˾ƺ.
PHA ؼ̶ ̿öƽ PHA ϴ ķ ν Բ ǰ ½ų ִ. PHA ( ȿ и ) PHA ȭ 翡 ִ ر ߱ . PHA Ͽ ̻ ϴ ȭƮ̿ (̿) ǰ Ը ȭǰ ؼ پ 鿡 ʿϴ. ̴. PHA 꿡 ᰡ ϴ 30~50% ̸ٰ ˷ ִ. (, īٿ Ѹ Ĺ ) ü ִ ᰡ ʿϴ.
Ḧ ̿ PHA ý
ؼ öƽ PHA 꿡 ᰡ ϴ ſ . Ȱ Ǵ ⼺ PHA ִٸ PHA ̰ ȯ 鿡 ڿȭ ϱ ٶ ü Ŭ̶ ִ. PHA öƽ ذ 츮 ȸ ؼ ߾ ʿ䰡 ִ.
1. ̻ȭźҸ PHA : ȭа յ ȿ
ֱ ī̽Ʈ(KAIST) ȭаа , ̻ PHA 꿡 ½ǰ ̻ȭźҸ ִ ɼ ־. ȿ ƴ, ̻ȭźҸ Ͽ ȭа ȿ Ͽ ̻ȭź ȮǾ ؿ ݼ ˸(Sn) ̻ȭźҸ ̻(formate) ȯϰ, ̻ ȿ ̻ Cupriavidus necator ؼ ؼ PHB ߴ(Biohybrid CO2 electrolysis for the direct synthesis of polyesters from CO2. PNAS, 120 (14) e2221438120).
̻ȭźҸ ȯϿ źҰ 1~3 ȭй ϴ ̻ , ΰġ źҷ ̷ ؼ PHB ִٴ ī̽Ʈ ó ־. ȭй Ͼ ġ ؾ ȭϿ. ̷ ȭ-̻ȿ ̺̿긮 ý ȭν PHB 꼺 ־ ־.
̻ ̻ȭź ؿ ȿ ȯϰ ν PHB C. necator ο ȿ ֵ Ͽ. ̸ ؼ PHB Է ߷ 83% ̸ Ǿ Sn ؿ 4Ƽ Ȯؿ 1.38 PHB ־. ̷ ȭ-ȿ ̺긮 ̻ȭź ̸鼭 ȯ ģȭ ̿öƽ ־. ̷ õ ؼ ⸦ ̿Ͽ Ӱ ź Ŭ ϰ ִ.
2. ó忡 Ǵ PHA
Ǵ PHA ¿ Ȯ ǿ ǰ ִ. ̷ ǿ Ǵ PHA ռ öƽ üϰ ϴ ѵ ۿ . ռ öƽ ϱ ؼ PHA ʿ䰡 ִ. ̿ λ깰 glycerol Ȥ پ Ĺ , ִ. Ư ֹ (acetate, propionate, butyrate, lactate volatile fatty acid, VFA) ó忡 Ǵµ ̸ PHA ִ. ó Ȱ (activated sludge) ⼺ ȭ 깰 ̿ ź ᰡ ƴ϶ ΰġ PHA ȯ ߿ κ δ. ó ȥ ̻ Ͽ ó Բ ΰġȭ ̴. ߸ ڿ Ǵ ô밡 ̴.
̷ õ õ (״ ߽) ִ. 2011 ̿Ͽ Ϸ ߴ. ̺ ռ PHA PHARIO Ʈ Ǿµ Ʈ ʷ Ϸ ̴.
PHARIO Ʈ ״ Ը ó忡 ϴ Ȱ ̿Ž ̿Ͽ PHA ߴ. Ȱ Ͽ VFA dz ü ȿϿ PHA ϴµ 0.41gPHA/gVSS ְ Ư PHA ȴ. 10 ųα PHA Ǿ ɼ ߴ. 4 Ǵ Ȱ ϸ Ͽ ǰ PHA ־.
ü Է . ü Է ȿϴ . ̷ κ PHA ȭ ־ Promiko ״ Wetsus (European centre of excellence for sustainable water technology) ߽ɿ ִ.
ٽ ߴ Alan Werker Simon Bengtsson ȯ о߿ ̸ Ʈ ϴ μ ȯϴ Ͽ츦 ˰ ִ.
ڴ ȯ濡 κ ߴ. ɼ 깰 ؼ PHA ߰ ̴. Ӱ ȯ ȸ ο ʿϱ ָް ִ. ̷ ٸ ڿ ̿ϴ յǸ鼭 λ깰 ο ᰡ Ǵ ̶ ִ ̵̴.
Alan ϴ Ϳ ؼ Ͽ ڻ Ҵ. Ȱ Ͽ ִ յ ԵǾ ִµ ̵ ϸ ŷ ȯϰ ȴ. ڵ ÿ Ǵ Ȱ , 忡 Ǵ (side streams)κ PHA ϴ Ͽ ־(MultiBio Ʈ). ̸ ð ؼ ۵Ѵٴ ̴. ̵ PHA Ư Ư ؼ ϸ鼭 ܼ öƽ üϱ ƴ϶ PHA Ư ġ ָϸ鼭 ȯ ذ ִٴ ȭϰ ߴ.
PHA ̳ پ 뿡 ֱ ̶ ϰ ִ. ̹ FFLAM(Fossil-Free LAMinate) Ʈ ̿ 縦 ̿ ɼ ־. ̵ 4 Promiko AB ȸ縦 Lomma â߰ Ѿ ܱ ϰ , Ͽ ϴ Ͱ , ȭ, ϰ ִ.
ó ü ̻ ̷ ȿ ź, , , κ ϰ ȴ. , óϱ پ ߵǾµ ̷ ġϴ° ̻ ְ Ǹ ̷ ̻ ɿ ġ ȴ. ̷ 鼭 ϴ ȯ ̻ ְ ȴ. Ư ̻ ֱ ̻ źҿ ִ ̻ ̴.
PHA źҿ dzϸ鼭 ٸ ̵ DZ ʰ PHA ϰ ȴ. Ȱ ϸ ϴ PHA PHA ϴ ¿ Ǵ PHA 꼺 ̰ (0.4~0.6 vs 0.4~0.9 gPHA/gVSS). PHA ϴ 꼺 0.4̱ ̺ٴ ٰ ְ ӵǴ ų ̴.
ſ ȸ óν ȯ Ϲ ǰ ȿ ҽŰ ¿ ߴٸ, ȸ ̴ ƴ϶ ȯϰ ν ڿȭϴ ã ִ ̴. ȸ Ʈϰ ȯϴ ϴ ̾߸ ȸ ȿ뼺 鼭 ȿ ̶ ̴. ÿ ൿ ȭ ϴ ̾߸ Ӱ Ȱ ־ ǹ̰ ִ ̶ ̵ Ѵ.
Promiko ȸ Paper Province Ʈ ϸ鼭 Ͻ ȸ ãư ִ. Promiko ȣ, , Ż ȸ ϰ ִ. 2020 Horizon 2020 Scalibur Ʈ ϸ鼭 ״ κ ؼ ڿ ڿ ϴ Ʈ ߴ.
⼭ ִٸ PHA ڿκ , PHA Ŀ ٽ ̿ ȯ ִٴ ̴( ‘ź߸ öƽ ڿȭ ÷Ʈ ’ ȹ ۼǾ ۵Ǿ, öƽ ̾ 2023 1ȣ ).
3. Genecis PHA: ڿȭ
ǰ ⼺ ڿ ̿Ͽ ȭ ϴ ȸ簡 ij Genecis Bioindustries̴. Genecis ϴ ȸμ ⼺ ȭ öƽ PHA ȯѴ. Genecis ̿ ü ڻ ϴ ̴. Ǹ 븮 Y Combinator ť α ġ鼭 鸸 Ҵ. 2020 2020 Extreme Tech Challenge Novo Nordisk Ż ߴ. 2023 Ƹ Female Founder Initiative Amazon Climate Pledge Fund Ҵ. ijٿ 縦 ΰ 븦 Ȯϰ ִ.
ֱ Genecis ״ Helian Polymers Բ 踦 üߴ. Genecis PHA ȯϴ ̸, Helian پ PHA üκ PHA ǰ ϴ ִ. ̸ ؼ Ư 縦 ̴. ̷ ؼ 3D ʶƮ ̿Į PHA ΰġ ã Ѵ. PHA ̸ Ư¡ ̿ܿ ȭ öƽ ν Ŀ ܰ迡 ü ַ ִٴ ̴.
Helian Polymers 2007 ̿öƽ о߿ Ȱ Ȱϰ ְ, ϴ ȭǰ ÷ Ѵ. 2021 ߹ 15 ̿öƽ ü 귣 PHAradox Īߴ. з° öƽ ȸ ν ؼ Helian ̿ ؼ 縦 ϴ ̸ Բ ִ. PHAradox 귣 Ʒ PHA Ͽ Ӱ ü Ḧ ϴ ǥ̴.
Helian 3D о߿ colorFabb ڸȸ̴. colorFabb PHA PLA/PHA ȥ ʶƮ ߴ. 3Dÿ İ, ް colorFabb ؼ 3D ʶƮ о߿ ῡ ַ ְ ȴ. ̿ ؼ ῡ 䰡 ϰ ִ ȸ ó Ͽ Ŀ , 귣 , Һڵ鵵 δ.
4. Mango Materials: ź PHA
ް ź ؼ ؼ PHB ϴ ٸ ȸ簡 ִ. PHA ϴ ȸμ Ư ̸ Mango Materials. ȸ â Morse ʵб ٰ öƽ Ⱑ ٴٿ ٴϴ Ǿ. Morse ̷ Ȳ ٲٰ ϴ п Ͽ ȯ ϰ ڻ ϰ ȴ.
2006 ȸ Morse ٸ Ͼ Anne Schauer-Gimenez . 4ñ (process) ۵ϴ ֱ⸦ ϰ ȴ. ̶ ٷ (bacteria) ؼ ̿Ӹ ϴ ̾. յ ź ̿öƽ ȴ. 츮 ̽ũ̳ ݸ ʹ Ǹ 츮 ȿ ̴ Ͱ ̸ 츮 ϴ ֵ ִ. ̷ ̻ 츮 ΰ ϴ ãƳ ִٰ ̴.
Mango Materials ĶϾ Redwood City ó . 2012 ̱ п(NSF)κ ù Ҵ. ó忡 ź µ ̰ ٷ ̰ ȴ. ź ¿ų ϰ Ǵµ ź ½ǰ ̻ȭźҺٵ ȿ ũ. ̿ Mango Materials ź տ ̱ ̴. ź Բ , Mango Materials簡 ã н ÷ Ǹ 鼭 츮 ϴ PHA ϰ ȴ. Mango Materials ǰ ִ 鿡 ϸ鼭 ôس ִ.
Mango Materials簡 ϴ о߿ ϰ ִ оߴ о̴. ϴ Ϳ ̸ ̰ öƽ üϴ ̿ӷμ ʰ ֱ⸦ ٶ.
Mango Materials ġ ‘ǰ ’(end-of-life) Ȥ ‘ ’ ߴ. Morse ó̳ ٴٸ ϸ鼭 Ұ , ؾ ǿ صǴ öƽ ϸ鼭 ð ´. ذ Ǵ ڿ ʴ ϰ Ǿ. ٷ PHA ε ̸ ϴµ ½ ź ϴ ̴. ϼ ̴. Morse ǥ ڸ ̴(gift with purchase). ⼭ ȸ ̸ ߴ.
½ǰ ̻(methanotroph) ϵ ϴ ƴϴ. ̻ ̸ ؾ ϴµ Mango Materials簡 ϴ ̻ ź Ҹ ̿ؾ Ѵ. ź Ҵ ߸ ٷ ϴ ȥձü ̴. (ȿ) Ӱ ؾ Ѵ.
ʰ ź ϴ ϴ°? ź ϸ 鿡 ؼ ó ʿ ص ȴ. ź dzϴ. Mango Materials Redwood City ó ü Silicon Valley Clean Water Բ ϰ ϰ Ǹ Ÿü̳ ź 꿡 Ǵ ź ̿ ִ. ̵ Ǵ ź ؾ ̴. ź ̻ȭźҺ ½ȿ 30 ũٰ ˷ ֱ Magno Materials ȭǸ ĺȭ ϰ ̴.
5. ռ ̿ ߱ PHA Ȱ
ֱٿ ̻ (ռ , synthetic biology) ̿Ͽ پ (tunable) PHA ϰ Ǿ. Ư ߱ ûȭ NGIB(Next Generation Industrial Biotechnology) 뺰Ǵ Halomonas ְ (salt) ¿ ڶ ٸ յ ־ ʿ䰡 ν PHA ִ ̴.
ٸ ߱ ȸ Bluepha PHA ü Ĺ Ϸ ܰ踦 ģ ̻ȭźҿ Ĺ Ͽ PHA ν ½ ϰ ̴. ̷ PHA Ӹ ƴ϶ پ ̻ ÷ ɼ ̴.
5-1 Bluepha PHBH
2016 â Bluepha ϰ濡 縦 ΰ ؿ 繫 ִ. Bluepha ߱ ̿ ȸμ ߱ ȸ ϳ ִ. 2023 3 1Ͽ ¶ ߰ Ī 翡 5,000 Ը ϰϰ Ѵٰ ǥߴ. Go! PHA ߱ Jan Ravenstijn λ縦 ߴ. ȸ Ī 翡 Bluepha™ (蓝™) ˷ PHA BP330 BP350 ̵带 ǥߴ.
BP350 ̵μ hexanoate Է , BP330 ܴ ̵ hexanoate Է . Bluepha ؼ 縴 · ϰ ִ. ̵带 ȥϿ 뵵 ° ִ.
OWS Bluepha™ ̵ ʸ ȭ ǿ 10ֿ صǾ. ؾȯ濡 90% ر 16ְ ɷȴµ ̴ ο ſ ̴. Bluepha™ ̸鼭 ÿ ̿ Ĺ Ͽ TÜV Austria 100% ̿ Ҵ.
Bluepha 2022 ù ° Ը BioFAB1 굿 Yancheng ϰߴµ 5,000 Ը̴. BioFAB2 Ǽ ε 25,000 Ը ̴.
Ű ؼ پ ̵ Bluepha™ Ʈϰ ִ. ̸ µ, shear rate ϰ 50% ų ֵ 鿡 ȳ ְ Ǿ.
Bluepha PHA ȿ ־ µ ȭ ӵ ̿ ֵ Ѵ. ȭ ӵ 100 Ͽ 30% οϰ 50% ϰ ߴ. ߿ϴ ε ٸ µ ¸ ־. ū (strength) ְ μ(toughness) ش. ̷ ũ ־ μ 20% ״.
Bluepha μ ̻ȭźҿ Ĺ Ѵٰ (Biohybrid ). Ϸ Ʈ ġ 24 ȿ ̷ ϰ ̸ ½ κ ź Է 2027 20% ø ̶ .
ֱ Bluepha ߱ Ưûκ Halomonas ָ ̿Ͽ P(3HB-co-4HB, P34HB) ϴ Ư ZL201810074387.3 ߴ( Ưδ ZL201710486320.6, ZL201710832790.3 ִ). Ư Ư㸦 ؼ Halomonas ָ P34HB ִ Ȯߴ. Bluepha PHBH 4 Ư㸦 , 2022 2 ߱ȸδ ó ǰ (EU) 2019/1338((EU) No 10/2011 ) ߴ.
Bluepha 2022 12 Helian Polymers 踦 üߴ. °踦 Helian Polymers PHA ϰ Ǿ. Helian Bluepha PHBH ڸ Ͽ PHA Ŀ带 ϰ Ѵ. Helian Polymers PHA 迭 ̿öƽ پ PHA̵(P3HB, PHBV, P3HB4HB) Bluepha PHBH 縦 ߰Ͽ پ 뿡 ϴ 縦 ְ Ǿ. Helian ̿ 縦 öƽ PP ABS Ÿ ֵ Ͽ, ڵ ֵ ϰ ִ.
5-2 PhaBuilder
߱ PHA ϰ ûȭ Guo-Qiang Chen ̴. ߱ ûȭп ̷ PHA ߿ PhaBuilder ȸ â ̾. PhaBuilder ٰ ̷ Halomonas ִ 2009 ߱ Ű Aiding ȣ иߴ. ִ PHA Ӹ ƴ϶ پ biobased chemical ִ ÷ ̴̻. PhaBuilder NGIB ̿Ͽ 200,000 Ը Ͽ. PhaBuilder Ұ Bioplastics Magazine (2022 vol 17, p32~33) ϱ ٶ.
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