"öƽ Ȳ ذå б å - 5"
. öƽ ̻ ȿ Ȳ ..... Science Report 4 ̾
2. öƽ ȿ
. öƽ ȿ
öƽ ִ ȿҿ lipase depolymerase(PHA depolymerase, PHB depolymerase, PLA depolymerase, PCL depolymerase), esterase, proteinase(proteinase K against PLA), cutinase, urease, dehydratase ִ. ̵ ȿҰ ϴ öƽ κ ؼ ռ, Ideonella sakaiensis ռ öƽ ص ϴ(Austin et al., 2018).
ռöƽ ִ ȿҷ PETase ִ. PETase 2016 Ϻ źҿ õ PET ִ Ideonella sakaiensis ƿ ó ߱ ȿ̴. PETase PET Ͽ mono-(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate(MHET) Ű, ̰ ٽ ü terephthalic acid ٲ۴. Ideonella sakaiensis PETase ܹ , ܹ Ͼ PET ؿ ȿ Ը ο Ȱ ȿҸ ʷ ٰ ִ(Joo et al., 2018). Harry et al.(2018) öƽ شɷ Ű ȿҸ Ͽ, PET ü PEF(polyethylene-2,5-furandicarboxylate) ִٰ .
. öƽ ȿ
ֱٿ ؼ ռ ڸ Ǵ ִ ̻ ȿҵ ȿҵ öƽ ȯ ȸ ִ ˸ öƽ Ȱ ĺ λǰ ִ. PE, PS, PUR PET ռ öƽ ظ ̻ ȿ ˸ſ ߰ ִ. PET building block ȸϱ ȿ öƽ Ȱ ̷ ȿ 뿡 ǰ ǰ ִ(Wei & Zimmermann, 2017).
ε ֵȴ (< 3.2> ). ̻ Ͽ öƽ Ų , ǥ ߰ μ. öƽ ȿҴ ռ ü ذ ϸ, ռ ü ũⰡ 10~50 ź ҵǸ, Ǿ ߰ 縦 ϰ Ѵ.
κ ռ ڴ (crystalline) (amorphous) ϴ semi-crystalline ü̸, ̻ ޱ (< 3.3> ). ü ȭ ؼ ġ ǰ ó PE ȹ κ ع Ŀ صȴ.
. Carbon-carbon backbone öƽ ȿҿ
PE C-C backbone öƽ ϰ Ǵ ̴. Ƿ ֱ Ⱓ پ PE Ȱ ǰ ִ. ֱ , ̻ ȿҵ Ĺ ߰ߵ ȭ C-C bond ִ phenol lignin ִ ȿҵ PE شɵ ϰ ִٰ ִ(Wei & Zimmermann, 2017). ̷ ȿҵδ laccase, manganese peroxidase (MnP), lignin peroxidase(LiP) ִ. Rhodococcus ruber C208 Ͽ laccase ȿҸ ̿Ͽ UV-irradiated PE film ϸ, Trametes vericolor ȿҸ ̿Ͽ 1-hydroxybenzotriazole Ͽ PE ϴ ˷ ִ(<ǥ 3.12> ). <ǥ 3.12> C-C backbone öƽ ϴ ̻ ȿҵ Ÿ ̴.
C-C backbone ٸ ߿ öƽ PVC ȿҵ Ѵٴ . ̻ Ǵ ȥ 繰 ̿ϸ ̻ PVCؿ ȿ Ÿٰ Ǿ(Wei & Zimmermann, 2017).
. PUR ȿҿ
PUR carbamate(urethane) bond di- Ǵ polyisocyanate polyol ̴. PUR öƽ urethane ester bond ϴ urease, esterase, protease ܷü ص ִ(<ǥ 3.13> ).
Protease amide urethane ϴ ݸ, urease urea Ѵ. esterase protease ȿҿ պع ֿ Ŀ Ͽ polyester PUR ester Ѵ(< 3.4> ). PUR ϴ ̻ ȿҷδ polyhydroxy-alkanoate depolymerase յ polyamidase esterase ̿ ʱ̴ܰ.
. PET ȿҿ
PET ؼ Ÿ backbone ݺ ŻƮ ü 罽 ѵ ̵ ̴. ݰ PET Ӵ (amorphous) (crystalline) ȹ ϰ ־ ؼ ģ. 65 ̻ PET ̿µ(Tg) µ κ Ƿ ȿҿ Ͼ ִ. , Tg PET ϱ ؼ µ ȿҰ ʿϴ. ֱ 30 µ PET ȿ ذ ӵ ſ Ǿ(Wei & Zimmermann, 2017).
漱 lipase cutinase PET Ͽ PET ʸ ǥ Ų(<ǥ 3.14> ). Lipase Ѳ (lid structure) Ÿ Ҽ ˸ ־ ټ ѵǾֱ PET Ȱ Ÿ. , Ѳ cutinase PET ʸ Ȱ Ÿ ִ. Ư, Thermomyces(formerly Humicola) insolens и cutinase HiC ȿҴ 70, 96ð̸ PET film , Thermobifida fusca KW3 polyester hydrolase TfCut2 ȿҴ ݼ̿ 70 ǿ PET film ִٰ ˷ ִ.
30% ̻̰ PET 40% PET Ϲ PET ǰ ȿ ؿ ִ. Ϻ ȿҴ 50 ̻ µ PET Ȱ Ÿ, ż( Ͽ Ʋ ų ι ü 罽 ƴ Ű ݰ Ŵ) PET ǿ ξ صȴ. Ǵ ż PET ª ð ؽŰ ̴.
Ethylene glycol, terephthalate, mono-(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (MHET) bis-(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate(BHET) PET ȿ طκ ֿ 뼺 μ, PET ϴ polyester hydrolase TfCut2 ȿҿ ۿ Ÿ(<ǥ 3.15> ). , ʹ̼ ȿ PET ʸ ظ ν ϴ MHET BHET Ͽ ȿ ִ ߵǰ ִ(Wei & Zimmermann, 2017). PET ȿ ȿ 迡 ̹ ̴.
. IsPETase PET ش پ IsPETase
PET ؼ Ideonella sakaiensis и PETase(IsPETase) Ǿ Ȱ Ser-His-Asp ˸ ü PET 4 MHET κ ϱ ϰ ִٰ ˷. 迡 , PET Ͽ MHET, terephthalic acid ethylene glycol ԸǾ, PET Ȱ ٸ PETase ĺ ȿҵ鵵 õǾ. ֱٿ IsPETase PET ü ִ ŷ ùķ̼ Ͽ PET Ư IsPETase ش Ư¡ Ͽ ̸ ȿ Ͼ Ͽ IsPETase ȿ IsPETase Ͽ(Joo et al., 2018).
. Pseudomonas sp. öƽ ȿ
Ϲ ȿ ش ҿ ۿ ÷ ߿ Ѵ. ȿ ؿ ȭ Ǵ ȭ Ƹ Űų ظ ų ִ ɱ , alcohol Ǵ carbonyl⸦ ÷Ͽ ģ Ŵν ȿ ظ Ѵ. Carbonyl ط TCA cycle β-oxidation ȴ.
Depolymerase hydrolase ȿҴ ū öƽ ü ۿϿ ڷ ϴ Ѵ. ش ü 罽 (exo-attack) Ǵ ü 罽 ߰ (endo-attack) ٿ Ͼ ִ. Exo-attack ư ȭ ִ ø Ǵ ܷü ϸ endo-attack ڷ ҽŰ ̻ ذ ȭ ɼ ȴ. Pseudomonas sp.κ и depolymerase ó PS ϴ ȿ̸ P. stutzeri JA1001 PEG ش glyoxylic acid ϴ PEG dehydrogenase Ͽ öƽ ϴ ȴ.
Esterase, lipase cutinase öƽ ؿ ־ ȿ̴(<ǥ 3.16> ). ̷ ȿҴ ȭ carbonylź ڿ ģټ ϰ ȿ ü ϴ ſ ߿ Ѵ. ҵ 翡 Pseudomonas AKS2 PES ش ȿ м Ǵ ȿҿ Ż ȿ Ȱ ȴ(Wilkes & Aristilde, 2017). <ǥ 3.16> õ ٿ PE, PS, PUR, PET, PE hydrolase, esterase, protease, lipase, polyurethanase, alkane monooxygenase, alkane hydroxylase صȴٴ ˷ ִ.
3. öƽ ̻ ȿ Ȳ
츮 бδ 2018 ȰȰ 57 Ͽ, ̷ ذ ‘Ȱ ʿ ڿ صǴ öƽ ü ' ϴ , öƽ и, , Ȱ о , ģȯ öƽ ظ Ͽ ϴ ؼ öƽ о߿ ǰ ִ. õ, , , պ, ̿öƽ پ ؼ ߵǾ , ռ öƽ Ȳ̴. ؼ öƽ Ѱ ̰, ٴ ִ. , öƽ ü ȭDZ ռöƽ ر Ȱ ϴ öƽ óϴ ȴ.
öƽ ȿҿ ʴ . 2018 ˷ ȿҺ PET شɷ ȿ , ȿ PET Ը PET Ȱ ȿҸ Ͽ(Joo et al., 2018). PET ȿҰ ش ŽϿ ܹ ִٴ ȮϿ, ȿ Ư PET ۿ ߿ ϴ ܱ(residue) Ը , ȿ Ͼ ߵ PETase ȿҴ ȿҿ PET Ȱ ִٰ Ͽ. ȿҸ öƽ ó 忡 ϱ ؼ ǿȭ 뷮 ڵ ȴ.
öƽ ȿ ̿ ؼ, ռ öƽ ȿ ش ʿϴ. ռ öƽ ȿ 뷮 ̻ ȿ 뷮 ʿϴ. , Ư ȯǿ ȿ Ȱ Ǿϰ, 뷮 öƽ żϰ ó ־ϱ 뷮 öƽ ż ó ȿ ȿ Ǿ Ѵ. , öƽ ش ִ ̻ Ͽ °迡 ġ ̳ ȯ , ۿ뿡 ڵ Ѵ.
ܿ , 漱, , öƽ ش پ ̷ , ȿ Ը ο ռ öƽ Ȱ ǰ ִ. ȿ ϸ, öƽ ̹ ̸, ߵ ر ǿȭ, 뷮ȭ ϴ. öƽ õ ǿȭ ؼ ʿϴ.
. öƽ ü Ȳ, . : öƽ б å ȡ ̾ϴ.
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